Propylaeum

The urban foundations of the Dukes of Zähringen have fascinated generations of researchers. The focus, however, was mainly on the act of founding, the plan on which the act was based, the personal history of the founder, and in some cases, the preceding settlement. The richly illustrated study of three “classic” Zähringen cities presented here, by contrast, concentrates on their urban expansion in later periods. Using the three cities as case studies, the growth of the medieval city in terms of topography is at the centre of the research.
When, where, how and why do cities expand? Based on archaeological, written and pictorial sources, the book provides an in-depth study and comparison of the individual expansions of the three Zähringen cities while taking care not to lose sight of their founding. The study reveals that urban expansion often has a complex history and plays out on the intersection of the economic conditions, population growth and the desire for ostentation.

How did people dress in the Stone Ages, what materials and techniques did they use and how can they be traced? Is the beginning of clothing a result of an evolving sense of shame or just a practical protection against the elements? Closely linked is the investigation of human-animal relationships and what influence these had on the choice of raw materials for the production of jewellery and clothing.
This volume addresses these and other key questions in an interdisciplinary approach combining archaeology, natural sciences, cultural and media studies. To this end, the present studies examine direct evidence such as burials as well as indirect evidence from figurative depictions or tools in order to analyse the evolutionary and social significance of clothing.

This work is based on all Roman finds from east of the Rhine in the districts of Kleve and Wesel on the Lower Rhine. 208 sites from the 18^th c. to 2018 were recorded. The majority of the finds have hitherto remained unpublished.
The research history is followed by an analysis of the many finds, which date from 60 BC to the mid-5^th c. A number of types from this area were previously hardly known or unknown. The ancient topography and soils are followed by a history of settlement from the Late Iron Age to the Merovingian period, covering archaeology and ancient sources, describing the degree of Roman control in the Limes foreland and the role of the Rhine as the border of the Roman Empire.

As the oldest architectural monument in Westphalia-Lippe, the Carolingian west wing of the Church of St. Stephen and St. Vitus at the former Corvey Abbey is of outstanding importance for the historical identity of the region. The Benedictine Abbey of Corvey, built on the west bank of the Weser River, was one of the most important cultural and economic centres between the North Sea and southern Germany and engaged in lively intellectual and cultural exchange with other early medieval centres of learning in Europe. In this volume, Kristina Krüger has succeeded in producing a comprehensive documentation of the eventful architectural history of the west building, from its Carolingian beginnings in the 9th century through high medieval alterations to modern interventions and extensions.

As the oldest architectural monument in Westphalia-Lippe, the Carolingian west wing of the Church of St. Stephen and St. Vitus at the former Corvey Abbey is of outstanding importance for the historical identity of the region. The Benedictine Abbey of Corvey, built on the west bank of the Weser River, was one of the most important cultural and economic centres between the North Sea and southern Germany and engaged in lively intellectual and cultural exchange with other early medieval centres of learning in Europe. In this volume, Kristina Krüger has succeeded in producing a comprehensive documentation of the eventful architectural history of the west building, from its Carolingian beginnings in the 9th century through high medieval alterations to modern interventions and extensions.

As the oldest architectural monument in Westphalia-Lippe, the Carolingian west wing of the Church of St. Stephen and St. Vitus at the former Corvey Abbey is of outstanding importance for the historical identity of the region. The Benedictine Abbey of Corvey, built on the west bank of the Weser River, was one of the most important cultural and economic centres between the North Sea and southern Germany and engaged in lively intellectual and cultural exchange with other early medieval centres of learning in Europe. In this volume, Kristina Krüger has succeeded in producing a comprehensive documentation of the eventful architectural history of the west building, from its Carolingian beginnings in the 9th century through high medieval alterations to modern interventions and extensions.

Neuss is one of the few places in Germany whose roots lie deep in antiquity. As early as the last two decades before Christ, there was a heavily fortified base of operations for the Roman forces here at the mouth of the Erft River where it flows into the Rhine. In 2021 and 2022, the Pulheim-based specialist firm minerva X conducted an archaeological investigation on the approximately 7-hectare site of the former Eternit factory on the occasion of the demolition of the factory buildings. Although the site has been known since the mid-19th century as part of the Augustan-Tiberian military camp NOVAESIUM and numerous measures have been carried out here over decades, the current state of publication does not reflect the extent of the research. This report summarises the current state of research and provides an overview of the findings in the western part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

This unique monitoring study, which has been ongoing for a whole decade, focuses on a cattle grazing project in Lorsch in southern Hesse and provides deep insights into changes in biodiversity. Individual studies cover botany as well as ground beetles, avifauna, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, spiders, ants, butterflies, bugs, and fish diversity in the adjacent Weschnitz river. The work impressively demonstrates the influence of large herbivores and the changes in species diversity caused by climate change.

Related data: https://doi.org/10.11588/DATA/JAYMZQ

The double volume “Theory | Archaeology | Reflection. Controversies and approaches in German-language discourse” is dedicated to the diversity of approaches that shape archaeological theoretical discourse today and in the near future. To this end, it brings together groundbreaking contributions, exciting thought experiments and initial theoretical approaches across the archaeological spectrum. Both established and young academics contribute new impulses and approaches to the discourse or discuss existing approaches. The contributions in volume 2 focus on relations and relationships, time and space as well as models, analogies and abstractions in archaeology.

The thesis examines the question, which functions were assigned to women and other members of the imperial family for its representation in Roman Egypt. Due to their serial character, coins are the best source material for this purpose. Therefore, the Alexandrian provincial coinage is at the centre of the thesis and is compared to the Roman imperial coinage in order to determine provincial peculiarities as well as Roman influences. Further sources as papyri and inscriptions are included to gain as comprehensive a picture as possible of the depiction, self-portrayal and – where possible – the perception of the imperial family in the province. 

Human-Animal Studies are gaining more and more momentum in archaeo(zoo)logy for good reasons – it is time to have yet another look at animal-human relations that is less anthropocentric than it was before. With some alterations, the present publication goes back to a session at the Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) in Kiel (Germany) in September 2021. The twelve articles in the book have been arranged in a manner that they constitute a narrative which ranges, geographically, from the United Kingdom to Russia and, chronologically, from the late hunter-gatherer period to early modern times.  

Artificial navigable canals serve to optimise natural waterways. In Europe, their origins date back to Antiquity and the Middle Ages. One of the most extraordinary constructions is the Karlsgraben connecting the Rhine and Danube rivers, which dates back to 792/793 AD. Based on sources and methods from archaeology, history and geosciences, this book presents new findings on the construction, construction site organisation and chronology, as well as the historical and political context. The Karlsgraben is then placed in the context of the development of early canal construction. The basis for this is a diachronic analysis of over 200 archaeologically and historically documented canals from Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages between northern England and the Iron Gate.

Artificial navigable canals serve to optimise natural waterways. In Europe, their origins date back to Antiquity and the Middle Ages. One of the most extraordinary constructions is the Karlsgraben connecting the Rhine and Danube rivers, which dates back to 792/793 AD. Based on sources and methods from archaeology, history and geosciences, this book presents new findings on the construction, construction site organisation and chronology, as well as the historical and political context. The Karlsgraben is then placed in the context of the development of early canal construction. The basis for this is a diachronic analysis of over 200 archaeologically and historically documented canals from Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages between northern England and the Iron Gate.

This monograph presents a significant new discovery in Attic vase painting. It is a red-figure Type A pyxis from 430–425 B.C., found in a sacrificial pit at the Kynosarges cemetery in Athens. The vase bears a remarkably well-preserved depiction of the bard Musaeus and the Nine Muses. All ten figures are identified by painted inscriptions. Through exhaustive analysis, the vase can be attributed to the floruit of the Eretria Painter.

Ancient Rome was never a democracy, and Roman society differed fundamentally from today’s values. Yet the goals of democracy and values education can be achieved in Latin classes. This volume brings together five contributions by recognized experts in the field at the interface between academic scholarship and subject-specific didactics. It provides examples of texts and concepts suitable for achieving this goal. The examples presented include classical historiography (Livy), epistolary literature from the imperial period (Pliny the Younger), and utopian literature of the early modern period. Furthermore, an overview of the field of political education in Latin classes is provided.

The Book of Kemyt is an ancient Egyptian school text preserved on pottery sherds, papyri, writing tablets, walls, and hundreds of ostraca, over six centuries. The handwriting displays a special style between the usual scripts, hieratic and cursive hieroglyphs. This volume is the first to present the complete inventory of signs from more than 200 sources, compiled primarily using digital methods. This paleography of the Book of Kemyt provides a synchronic and diachronic perspective, as well as cross-regional comparisons. The PDF version is linked to “AKU-PAL”, the online database of hieratic and cursive hieroglyphs.

Seats of power of the Middle Ages were at the centre of diplomatic exchange and confrontation, shaped the transfer of knowledge, and acted as control centres of the economy. This was the case in Aachen and Ingelheim, which represent the Frankish Empire, but also in Hedeby, most prominently for Northern Europe. The contributions in this publication bring together seats of power and finds from the Frankish Empire and the North in the period from the Late Antiquity (4^th/5^th century) to the High Middle Ages (10^th to 12^th centuries), and they come to new and sometimes surprising results. This book is based on a conference that took place in Aachen from the 8^th to 11^th of November 2022. 

The “Pilot Project for the valorisation of excavations” (PIA) has been developing methods and standards for the efficient processing of the constantly increasing number of rescue excavations since 2023.
The focus of the second PIA volume is the large early medieval burial site at Heilbronn-Sontheim. Graves and settlement material from the Latène period were also unearthed at the same site and are also presented in this volume. Further articles deal with settlement features from the late Urnfield period from Mühlacker in the Enzkreis district, Roman finds and features from Cleebronn (Heilbronn district) and Merovingian graves from Heilbronn-Neckargartach. An overview on the rescue excavations of 2024 rounds off the volume.

Related data: https://doi.org/10.11588/DATA/CEWIVZ

Although the Minoan site of Koumasa in southern Crete has played a prominent role in research for over a century, its topographical and regional significance has been less extensively studied. The analysis of the topography in and around Koumasa provides both a foundation for future contextual studies and a holistic, diachronic perspective on the networks in the Central Messara and the Asterousia region, at whose transition Koumasa is situated. The innovative application of GIS methods, combined with field surveys, yields new insights both into methodology and the significance of Koumasa during the Minoan period and its subsequent gradual decline.

Eight studies reports new research results related to the late Antique military and villa sites (3^rd to 7^th c. AD) in a region extending from Pannonia to the Black Sea. They offer a perspective that looks beyond the Danube Provinces towards the Upper Rhine in the west and the Central Balkans in the south. The examples highlight the importance of landscape archaeology in interpretation and the embedding of specific establishments at micro- and macro-regional scales, as attested by new evidence concerning their function.

The abbey church of the imperial monastery of Corvey in the Weser bend near Höxter looks back on more than 1,000 years of history. The westwork is the only completely preserved Carolingian building of its kind and is unique in Carolingian architecture. A renovation during the Romanesque period gave the west building its west facade, which is still preserved today and crowned by two slender Romanesque towers. Due to the unique, complex internal structure of the westwork and the quality of its furnishings, the ensemble was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
This volume presents the results of 40 years of archaeological research at the former Benedictine abbey of Corvey. Following an introduction to the history of the monastery, the features and finds are presented and the skeletal remains found in the church are analyzed from an anthropological perspective.

Put together as part of a joint project run by the Pro Waldmannsburg Society and the Archaeology Department of Canton Zurich in collaboration with the Swiss National Museum, this volume presents a comprehensive report on the history and archaeology of Dübelstein Castle.
The analysis of excavations carried out on behalf of the city authorities of Zurich by the historian and archaeologist Hans Erb in 1942/43 is the main focus of the publication. Using the structural remains and a rich assemblage of finds on one hand and written and pictorial sources on the other, it traces the history of the castle and its occupants from its founding in the 13^th century to its destruction by fire in 1611.
Particular attention has been paid to its most famous occupant, the Zurich Mayor and swashbuckling war hero Hans Waldman, who owned it from 1487 until his death in 1489. It was in the context of the 400^th anniversary of Waldmann’s death in 1889 that the castle took on its function as a place of remembrance.

The Appenzell landscape probably began to be settled in the 7^th/8^th centuries. Early written evidence initially focused on the hinterland (known to have been settled from the 9^th century) and, from the time of high medieval settlement expansion, on the Appenzell basin (furnishing of the church in 1071); the Mittelland and Vorderland districts were not mentioned until later.
Archaeologically examined in 2001, Schönenbüel Castle, presumed to have been the seat of the Lords of Schönenbüel mentioned in the records, is located on Hirschberg hill east of Appenzell. The circular “motte castle” had an overall diameter of approximately 60 m. A possible layer of debris from slash-and-burn land clearance dating from between the 9^th and 11^th centuries as well as conclusive evidence of the first settlement from the 11^th century were found beneath the rampart. The circular fortification was erected sometime in the 12^th century.
The ruined castle at Clanx is located north of Appenzell town on a steep mountain peak. Researchers believe that the castle was built by the Lords of Sax between 1207 and 1220. Chronicles mention a siege and the razing of the castle in 1289. Having been rebuilt, it was once again destroyed in 1402 by the people of Appenzell at the beginning of the Appenzell Wars. Clanx remained in ruins and became a symbol of Appenzell’s struggle for independence.
In 1944 and again in 1949 the ruins of Clanx Castle were partially excavated and preserved. The finds and features were later studied as part of a National Science Foundation project. Some of the finds, which were mainly made up of ceramic vessels, stove tiles and metal objects, were attributed to the razing in 1402 and were crucial to the establishment of a classification system for medieval pottery from eastern Switzerland.

In Ancient Egypt, numerous cult practices are attested – from various encounters with gods, demons, and death in rituals to processions, oracles, and magical spells. These cult practices also appear in literature from the Middle Kingdom (c. 2137 B.C.) to the Roman Empire (c. 3rd century A.D.) – in Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian, and Demotic. In this book all passages of the ca. 200 narrative, instructional, and discursive literary works that mention such cult practices are analyzed in their entirety for the first time. In this volume, the following aspects are discussed: the representation of the divine; notions of divine justice and sacred jurisdiction; conceptions of destiny and future prospects; self-reflection on cult practices, including doubts and untold and secret knowledge. The book concludes with cross-cultural research perspectives with other literatures of the ancient world.

In Ancient Egypt, numerous cult practices are attested – from various encounters with gods, demons, and death in rituals to processions, oracles, and magical spells. These cult practices also appear in literature from the Middle Kingdom (c. 2137 B.C.) to the Roman Empire (c. 3rd century A.D.) – in Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian, and Demotic. In this book all passages of the ca. 200 narrative, instructional, and discursive literary works that mention such cult practices are analyzed in their entirety for the first time. Using a dual methodology from religious studies and literary studies, the setting and content of the sources are addressed in detail.